HIV Surveillance is the ongoing systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and use of data to improve health determinants and disseminate information regarding HIV/AIDS-related events. In Nigeria, data is collected from client-centred monitoring throughout the cascade of clinical care to guide the national response and understand the trend of the epidemic.

As Nigeria approaches epidemic control, three surveillance activities have been key in tracking the epidemic: HIV-1 Recent Infection Surveillance, Case-based Surveillance (CBS), and Mortality Surveillance (MS).